View along John Street, Rosewood ca. 1920
(Photo: Qld State Library)

A Country Christmas 100 Years Ago

Rosewood History

Customs and traditions that were considered old then, were still maintained in the early 1920’s. One of the biggest differences between then and now is that people didn’t decorate their homes until Christmas Eve, mainly because of time and financial constraints. They were just too busy working! Many families went out and cut their own trees from their property or a family member’s farm. Christmas stockings were not the mass produced items we are familiar with but were their own stockings or knee-high socks stocked with fruit and nuts, candy canes and chocolate drops. The most common gifts for children were handmade items like wooden skittles and bottle stopper marbles, although a variety of tempting gifts were available in the shops for those who had the wherewithal. Christmas dinner was usually roast chicken rather than turkey, or ham and vegetables, home-baked fruitcakes, puddings, pies and biscuits and jelly!

See some of the recipes of the day – The Housewives’ Exchange

On Christmas Eve in Rosewood, most of the business people had their stores decked out with greenery and trimmed with brightly coloured crepe paper fashioned into linked chains and streamers. Paper flowers, butterflies, dolls and lamp shades added to the mix of balloons, pinecones, ribbons, flowers and sometimes candles to light the display. Ropes of asparagus plumosus hung in the overhead decorations and a freshly cut, decorated pine stood in a prime viewing position. The pungent odour of crushed fern and bruised petals, and the sweet, refreshing scent of pine needles would long linger amongst the memories of Christmas.

In the heat of our Queensland summer, a delightfully cool appearance was given to John Street by the avenues of green chestnut boughs arranged by storekeepers on the facades and posts in front of their premises. 

This evergreen custom of country towns was a joyous one and I was told by my own father (who grew up in a small country town) that it was still a tradition when he left home to find work in 1949. 

The stores were stocked with a variety of toys such as lead figurines (cowboys, Indians, soldiers). Tinker toys, wind-up pecking birds, toy engines and other mechanical toys such as the bucking bronco, large beetles which could crawl or frogs which could jump were fascinating to a child. There were trains, wagons and carts, Noah’s arks, timber spinning tops, whistles, balloons, trumpets and drums; Crayola crayons, all sorts of books and games, daisy air rifles, toy pistols and pop guns.

Dolls had delighted the hearts of the children’s grandmothers when they were little, and their power to attract had not waned for the unspoilt children of the 1920s. Available was a varied stock of dressed dolls, dolls without clothes, small dolls, dolls that went to sleep, those which called “Mamma” when disturbed, Raggedy Ann dolls, dolls with bisque faces for girls and French Boudoir dolls for their mothers.

For ladies there were perfumery in neat bottles, smelling salts, powders, gift caskets containing soaps, scents, powders etc. Household gifts such as electro-plate ware, jam dishes, cruets, cake dishes, afternoon tea spoons and forks, vases and serviette rings. Also Xylonite hair brushes and combs, hair tidies, trinket boxes and baby sets. Madras muslin for curtains, marcella and honeycomb quilts, serge tapestry, tablecloths, white cotton voiles, pure linens, checked ginghams, Japanese kimono crepes, floral voiles and of course, the cloche hats, gloves and silk stockings.

For men, Panama hats, soft felt hats like Stetson, Woodrow, Borsalino and the leading Australian makers Akubra and Sovereign brands. Also pocket watches, tobacco pouches, pipes, cigar and cigarette holders, special presentation cigars in cedar boxes like Monopole cigars in boxes of 25. There were tennis racquets, safety razor sets, military hair brushes, music cases, travel and attache cases in leather and fibre, gentlemen’s umbrellas, some of them handsomely silver mounted. Sicilian coats and tussorette trousers, three-piece summer suitings of the new “Summerdore” cloth appealed to the “dapper” shopper.

For home entertainment, hand cranked Cinematograph sets and Stereoscope and Stereographs were available.

The noisemakers have always been desirable treats for children, who are simply enthralled by the sheer fun of it all, and oblivious to the effects on more sensitive ears. To the children’s delight, Santa Claus would appear at an early hour in the street and pop into the different shops. It was certainly customary at Ruhno’s store down in Railway Street, Rosewood. 

In the days leading up to Christmas in 1922, determined efforts were made by the Rosewood Shire Council to push the Main Roads Board to start work on building a new road from Marburg to Frenchton so that the local unemployed returned soldiers could have a week’s work before Christmas. Ninety points of rain were recorded at the local post office throughout one day, and on another day a violent storm broke over Tallegalla. An inch of rain was registered. The scene was set for a hot Christmas Day that year.

The Marburg Baptist Church choir held an open-air Christmas concert on the 23rd December. It was the first time a concert in the open had been held in Marburg at Christmas time, and as the night was very hot, the open-air was very much appreciated. The shed in the church grounds was transformed into a stage and seats were placed in front on the grass. There were at least 300 people present.

Elsewhere on Christmas Eve in 1922, five businessmen walked into a Sydney orphanage carrying armfuls of toys and sweets and the charity “The Smith Family” was born.

As in previous years, in 1923, Uncle William’s letter-bag (Childrens’ Corner column at the Queensland Times) was overflowing with accounts of its members’ holiday exploits. Ten year old Gordon William Wesley Chalk, John Street, Rosewood wrote: -“I received my Sunshine League membership card a few days ago. I am very fond of it, and I think it looks nice. I have it in a frame. I am enclosing some riddles to make the children happy on Christmas day. I enclose answers which you can keep for a week after the riddles are put in the paper to see if anybody can answer them.”  

Uncle William replied: “You did very well with your collecting card, especially as you are, as you say, ‘all on your own,’ with no brothers or sisters to help you. You know the old saying, Gordon. ‘What a man dares, he can do.’ There’s a lot of truth in it.”

Rain fell at Rosewood during Christmas Eve and Christmas Day of 1923. Consequently the committee which had organised sports (incuding cricket) for Boxing Day postponed them indefinitely, but the rain made the farmers happy and hopeful for a good harvest.

Just as they do now, children counted the weeks and days until Christmas Day arrived and everyone enjoyed the cheery optimism that the season brought along with cards full of wishes and goodwill to all men.

In regard to the Christmas mail in 1924, the Postmaster General’s Department warned people not to dally in posting their overseas Christmas mail to the United Kingdom. Letters to the UK were sent by sea per the Ormonde and had to be received by the close of business at the P.O., Brisbane, at 7.05 a.m. on November 10th, and parcels per the same steamer, on November 4, at 10 a.m. The letters were expected to arrive in London on December 14th, and the parcels on December 18th. The Ormonde called at the Singapore, Indian, Ceylon and Egyptian ports. Mails for America closed on November 18th, per the Makura and on November 24th per the Ventura.

When Grandchester State School held their breaking-up celebration that year, there was a Christmas tree in the school building on which prizes for each child were tied on and numbered. Mr. S. N. Alcorn (head teacher) and Mrs. Alcorn distributed them. The older boys and girls received a book and the smaller ones received lucky stockings and toys. Afternoon tea and an abundance of cakes, lollies, and fruit were supplied. A dance was held in the school at night. Music was supplied by Messrs. Bliesner and Breuer on accordions. Mr. E. Kanofski acted as M.C. and refreshments were supplied by the school committee: Messrs. R. Henning (secretary), J. Coyne (treasurer), Jas. Wyer (chairman), and C. T. Howe.

In rural centres the local schools and various religious denominations held their own celebrations and customary Christmas morning services. 

At Rosewood the Lutheran Church held their annual Christmas tree festival on Christmas Eve. St. Luke’s Church of England  held their annual Christmas Tree in the Farmers’ Hall with various stalls arranged in the hall adding to the attractions of the day. A sale of work and gifts, organised by the Sisters of the West Moreton Churches of Christ, was held in the Farmers’ Hall. At St. Brigid’s Church on Christmas Eve, Mass was celebrated at midnight when there was a record number of communicants. The Christmas crib was arranged in the church and the choir rendered St. Cecilia’s Mass, and Adeste Fideles (O Come, All Ye Faithful) was sung at the offertory. Miss C. Sloane presided at the organ. Special services also were held in the Congregational Church on Christmas Day with a nativity play and special music was sung by the choir. They had their customary annual picnic on New Years’ Day.

Scholars from the various Sunday Schools performed Christmas carols, solos, duets and recitations at their anniversary services. The Christmas pines were lit up with candles creating a magical atmosphere as the children were presented with prizes and sweets. We still sing many of the same popular Christmas Carols today.

Songs like these were playing on gramophones in the early 1920s.
 I Told Santa Claus To Bring Me You (Bernie Cummins and His Orchestra)
 Auld Lang Syne (a cappella) – (Peerless Quartet)

The State’s Chief Scout (the Governor. Sir Matthew Nathan) addressed the following Christmas message to the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Queensland. “I wish the Boy Scouts and Girl Guides in Queensland a joyful Christmas season, and that in the coming year they may find full opportunity for acting up to the principles of the great associations to which they belong, and that they may thus add to their own happiness as well as to that of all those they meet in their daily lives.”

On Friday 5th December 1924, Percy Christmas, CEO of Woolworths, opened the first bargin basement store in Sydney. 

Royal Worcester released their porcelain ‘Xmas Bush” design.

The residents of Rosewood received the news that the town’s recently departed resident pharmacist, Gerald Nolan, had opened up what was to become his iconic pharmacy at “Nolan’s Corner” in Ipswich, just in time for Christmas.

Our coldest Christmas night was in 1924, when it reached only 15.4 degrees.

A great many people took advantage of the four days’ holiday to rejuvenate by the silvery sea, and special trains were sent out from Ipswich on Christmas Eve to convey local passengers to Ipswich and Brisbane, thus relieving the “sweeper,” which was crowded. Sandgate, Redcliffe and Currumbin were popular destinations. Even more popular were Coolangatta and Tweed Heads. During the festive season in 1924 approximately 20,000 holiday makers filled the Twin Towns. Kirra was the more popular beach. The arrivals by train were augmented by the hundreds who arrived by motor car and cycle, and also by boat loads from Murwillumbah, and other up-river centres. This tradition was still in place in the 1940s, 50’s and 60’s when the Ipswich and district coal miners finished work for their annual holiday,  loaded up their trucks with canvas tents, stretchers and other sundry items, and met their wives and children who travelled by train, at the campsites.

In the lead up to Christmas 1924 a transformation had taken place at Kirra beach. For some weeks the sea has been noticeably receding, and as a consequence, the beach was several chains wider than is usually was. Then for a few days the force of the waves opened up a channel from the ocean to a spot a considerable distance away,.which  had the effect of creating, at low tide, what was practically a lake. This “lake” was several acres in size and was swept by miniature waves at high tides. It created a source of great enjoyment for hundreds of happy youngsters, not to mention for a large number of adults. The water was just deep enough to provide safe sea bathing for the children and was cleaned out by every tide. Something similar has also happened at Greenmount Beach.

Not everyone went to the seaside. Families whose members were widely scattered seized the opportunity to reunite for the annual reunion in their home towns. Visitors to Rosewood during the Christmas holidays in 1924 included: Rev. G. Neal and Mrs. Neal (St. Paul’s Church of England, East Brisbane), Mr. and Mrs. B. G. Harding (Paddington), Mrs. Smallbones, Mr. and Mrs. E. Smallbones, Mr. and Mrs. A. Smallbones (East Brisbane), Mrs. Bushman and children (Wilston), Mr. A. W. Smith (Brisbane), Mr. H. Talty (Brisbane), Mr. and Mrs. G. Nolan, Mr. and Mrs. Coleman, Mrs. J. Gee (Ipswich), Mr. and Mrs. C. P. Ward, Miss M. Collins, Miss E. Lenehan (Brisbane) Miss M. Hogan (Bundaberg), Miss E. Hawkins (Toowoomba), Miss E. Cooney (Brisbane)  Messrs. P. J.  Hogan, (Toowoomba), and D. O’Sullivan (Toogoolawah).

We are so fortunate to be able to read about the events of Christmas one hundred years ago in the pages of the old newspapers. Here are some snippets from 1922, 1923 and 1924. 

GIFT SELECTION – HINTS FROM YESTERYEAR!
When you are puzzled over the question of Christmas gift selection, it is sometimes helpful to cast the memory back to those you have received and  found most acceptable. Or you may have a letter from some dear friend of yesteryear which ran like this:-
“Dear Cousin, Probably you are wondering what we got for Christmas! Father got a lovely moustache cup, white with gold flowers; Flora gave mother the loveliest decorated rolling pin. It is covered with red plush, and the handles gilded, and tied with some kind ribbon it hangs up by. There are four hooks for keys and shoes buttoners on it. We gave mother a toothpick holder with ‘Take Your Pick’ on it in gold. 

Anna got a lovely stick pin of white pearl, with her initial in gold. And Eddie’s girl sent him her picture on a button. It sure is swell. 

Mother’s Sunday school class gave her the loveliest oil painting you ever saw. It is a winter scene, with diamond dust all over the snow, just glistening so natural it makes you shiver. The frame is green plush. Our cousin in Chicago gave us a hand-painted fire shovel, all gilded, with a bow to hang it up by in the parlour. 

I’ve saved the nicest thing till the last. Uncle John, our preacher uncle, gave us a stereopticon and a whole lot of lovely views. There are the Red Room and Blue Room at the White House, a little girl’s tea party, pictures of scenes in England, Niagara Falls, Italy, and lots of others. Jim gave me the loveliest manicure set in an orange plush case. On the looking glass is printed, ‘Give Back Smile for Smile and Frown for Frown.’   Write soon and tell me everything you got. Your loving cousin, BERTHA.” (1)

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A member of the staff of this journal (QT) has made a hurried tour through the whole of the Rosewood electorate during the past few days, and states that in every direction the district is now a perfect picture. City folk have little conception of the beauty of the scenery within easy reach of Ipswich. The panorama from Two Tree Hill, Tallegalla, is not excelled in any portion of Australia. The glorious vistas in the Rosewood, Marburg, Lowood, Back Plains, and Rosevale districts are also very delightful. The undulating, yet fertile country and the rich valleys have responded remarkably well to the recent rains. Added to the beauty is the still more gratifying fact that there is promise of an abundant harvest and rapidly increasing cream cheques. These factors will make for a much more enjoyable Christmas-time than would have been the case had Nature with held the refreshing showers of rain. (2)

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THE ANNUAL CHRISTMAS TREE arranged by St. Luke’s Church of England Sunday School was held in the Farmers’ Hall on Saturday afternoon last. The function was opened by Mr. F. J. W. Eichstadt. The Rector (Rev. T. Edwards) was present. A large tree laden with toys and other gifts occupied the centre of the hall and Father Christmas distributed the prizes. There was a very large attendance in the afternoon, and excellent business was done by the stall-holders. The following were in charge of the various stalls:- 

Refreshment stall: Mesdames R. Elliott J. Collett. R. Wallace, F. Eichstadt, H. McGee, – Arndt and Miss Schimming.
Sweets stall: Misses I. Dolling. L. Coogan, Q. Rossow, A. Harding, and R. Haines.
Fancy work stall: Mesdames W. White, H. McGeary, E. Millard, and Miss McGeary.
Competition stall: Mesdames Collett and Rawlingson, and Miss Blackmore.
Produce stall: Messrs. A. Kleve, R. Elliott, W. White, W. and G. McGeary, S. Yarrow and J. Sillman.
Ice-cream stall: Misses E. Lergesner, G. Millard and I. Haines.
Dips: Misses A. Dolling and P. Harding. 

The prizes in the competition were awarded to the following for their entries: Plate Lamnington cakes: Mrs Sailer; orange cake: Miss McGeary: rainbow cake: Mrs. McGeary; Victoria sandwich: Mrs. Canham: sponge sandwich: Mrs. Canham 1st. Miss E. Kleve 2nd: sponge roll: Mrs. J. M. Bruce; coffee sandwich: Miss V. Grant; passion fruit cake: Mrs. H. M. Grant; cocoanut (sic) cake: Miss Downing; sultana cake: Mrs. W. Pearn; marble cake: Miss M. Millard; seed cake (gentlemen): Mr. J. Harding; plate of scones: Mrs. Haines 1, Mrs. Kleve 2; home-made loaf: Mrs. Eichstadt; marmalade jam: Mrs.Thompson; date creams: Miss A. Harding: toffee (gentlemen): G. Dow. 1. J. Thompson 2: toffee (ladies): Miss G. Elliott; cocoanut ice: Miss A. Harding; milk jug cover: Miss Blackmore: Mount Mellick d’oyley (sic): Mrs. J. Gibson: crochet d’oyley (under 14): Miss G. Freeman 1, Miss E. Sailer, 2: plum pudding: Mrs. J. Sailer. 

At night the hall was cleared and a flannel and gingham dance was held. This was largely patronised. Excellent music was supplied by Miss D. Allen’s orchestra. Mr. J. Sillman was M. C.. Mr. R Elliott effectively disposed of any remaining goods from the stalls by auction. (3)

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DRIVING ACCIDENT – On the way home from the Christmas Tree function, Mrs. Harry Embrey was thrown from her sulky and sustained a broken collar-bone and several bruises. Her little baby also received a severe bruise on the face and ear. Mr. Embrey and two other members of the family escaped unhurt. (4)

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ROSEWOOD PIG SALES – On account of the approaching Christmas holidays the usual fortnightly pig sales were held on Monday instead of Wednesday. One hundred and 48 pigs were yarded. Four buyers operated, and prices realised were Baconers, £3/3/ to £4/9/6; porkers £2 to £2/12/6; stores, 25/ to £1/ 17/6; weaners 9/6 to 14/6. (5)

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CHRISTMAS EVE – As is invariably the case on Christmas Eve, the railway trains brought a very large number of passengers from the various stations on the Downs and as usual when the people got to Ipswich they found no conveyance to Brisbane. Neither King Cobb nor the steamer companies were equal to the occasion. The consequence was that some fifty men humped their swags and started off at once for the metropolis, and that every bed in every hotel in Ipswich was occupied. (6)

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ROSEWOOD CHRISTMASTIDE – The Christmas holidays passed quietly here, and fair business was done by the shops, which remained open until 10 o’clock on Friday night. Special religious services were held in the various churches on Christmas Day, and midnight mass was celebrated at St. Brigid’s Church. The Principal attraction on Boxing Day was a race meeting at Glamorgan Vale.  (7)

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ROSEWOOD Thursday, Christmas Season. – The Christmas holidays passed happily, though quietly, in this district. On Friday night the business houses remained open to cope with the increased business, and the town presented a very busy appearance. Many people took advantage of the holidays to spend several days at the seaside, while many visitors were noticed in the town during Christmas. Special services were held in the churches. Midnight mass was celebrated in St. Brigid’s Church by the Parish Priest (Rev. Father M. McKenna). There was a very large attendance, people from all parts of the parish being present. The sanctuary and altars were beautifully decorated by the Sisters of Mercy. Several hundreds approached the altar rails for the reception of Holy Communion. A special Mass was sung by the choir and Miss M. Sloane rendered Ave Marie. The Christmas crib, which was arranged in the church, attracted many worshippers. In St. Luke’s Church of England festival evensong was held on Christmas eve and on Christmas day Holy Communion was celebrated at, 11 a.m. The altar was tastefully decorated with palms, and special hymns were sung by the choir. The rector (Rev. T. Edwards) delivered an address appropriate to the occasion. The attendance was large. At the 11 a.m. service in the Congregational Church on Sunday, special hymns were rendered by the choir in honour of the approach of Christmas.

Social:-
Mr. and Mrs. Todd, Mr. and Mrs. C. P. Ward and Miss Dolling (Brisbane) spent Christmas at “Argyle House,” Rosewood.
Mr. and Mrs. A. Pioch and child of Maryborough, were the guests of Mr. A. H. Sakrzewski, at Frenchton, during the Christmas holidays.
Misses Ella M’Laren, Molly Sloane and Molly Thomas are holidaying at Coolangatta.
Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Bourke of Ipswich visited Rosewood during the holidays.
Mr. and Mrs. E. O’Sullivan spent Christmas at Danderoo.
Mr. and Mrs. Alex Johansen (Brisbane) spent Christmas in Rosewood as the guests of Mrs. Hogan.
Misses Rose Allen (Rosewood) and M. Cocking (Walloon) are holidaying at Coolangatta.
Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Collett of Ipswich were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Loveday, “Ashwell Villa,” for the Christmas.
Mr. A. Imrie (Maryborough) spent the holidays in Rosewood.
Mr. and Mrs. P. O’Reilly, formerly of Kin Kin, are at present staying at “Bremer View,” Rosewood.
Mr. and Mrs. D. Morgan of the National Bank, Rosewood, are holidaying at Lota. Mr. Lawson is relieving in Mr. Morgan’s place.
Mr. and Mrs. M. J. O’Reilly spent the holidays at Sandgate.
Mr. P. Capern visited Pamona during the holidays.
Mrs. Ferris (Roma), Mrs. R. Stevens (Roma), and Mrs. A. J. Stevens (Brisbane) were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. A. B. Clark for Christmas.
Mrs. Cooney and Misses E. Cooney and N. White of Brisbane were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. T. White, “Pendleten,” for the holidays.
Miss Hilda Jacobs of Ipswich spent Christmas at “Glenburn,” Rosewood.
Mr R. Larter of Ipswich also visited Rosewood during the holidays.
Miss Thelma Sellars is spending the vacation at Murgon.
Mr. and Mrs. J. Madden (Ipswich), Misses M. Hogan (Clifton), and M. Collins (Brisbane) visited Rosewood during the holidays. 

Other visitors who spent Christmas in Rosewood included:-Messrs. J. and H Reddan (Ipswich), R. Millard (Brisbane), Ray Millard (Harrisville), P. J. Hogan (Helidon), J. B. Farrell (Brisbane), B. Coveney (Nambour). Mr. and Mrs. R. Sellars motored to Esk during last weekend where they visited Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Adams. Miss D. Madden is spending a holiday at Swan Creek, via Warwick.. Miss B. Kingston, of the staff of the Ipswich Mental Hospital, spent the holidays at her home in Rosewood. 

The many school teachers who are spending their holidays here included; Misses Zerner (Gatton), O’Reilly (Brigaloo), Guymer (Barambah), Cannan (three), Hogan (Dugandan), Brown (Harpers Hill), Coogan (Mulga), Messrs. M. Howe (Advancetown), and D. O’Sullivan (Toogoolawah). Rev. Father Wheeler, who was recently ordained in Sydney, paid a short visit to Rosewood during the week. (8)

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A HARVEST ASSURED ROSEWOOD  Dec. 5. Glorious rain has fallen throughout this district, and will brighten the people’s prospects of a happy Christmas. The excessive heat of the past few days culminated in a thunderstorm last night. Heavy rain fell throughout the night, two inches being registered at the Rosewood Post Office. The steady soaking nature of the rainfall will do an amount of good to crops. (9)

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Uncle William’s Letter Bag
Lily Des Jardines, Rosedale, Rosewood writes—We have had some lovely rain since I last wrote to you. All the dams about here are full, and it put a lot more water in the Bremer River. Cattle were getting bogged in the river before the rain. The grass is beginning to look green now, and the cows are coming on in milk. There was a school concert in the Rosevale Hall on December 15, and my sister Elsie took part in it. I enjoyed myself very much. What sort of Christmas did you spend Uncle? Mine was fairly quiet, but of course we all got a good present, and that was the rain. It was the best gift of all. Father Christmas forgot me this time, he did not give me a present, but I suppose he thinks too that I am no baby any more. I will close now, wishing you a very happy New Year. 

I am afraid I have been a long time answering your nice letter, Lily, and must apologise. Always remember there’s a silver lining to the dark cloud, and if Father Christmas did forget you this year, I am sure the New Year will have many blessings in its lap for you to make up for what you missed at Christmas. (10)

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THIS INTERESTS YOU. A SALE of work and Gifts in the Rosewood Farmers’ Hall, SATURDAY, 10.30 a.m. A splendid variety of quality wear for all sizes and sexes. Fancy Work, Produce, Xmas Cake and Puddings, rich in quality, Honey, Poultry, etc., etc. Sale to be opened the by Mr. Cooper, M.L.A., at 10.30 a.m.  H. BASSARD. (11)

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BOSSIE MARTOO – This is the season of flowers, and no doubt many amateur horticulturalists will be requiring a stock of pots in which to plant their blooms. In premises adjoining his picture theatre in Limestone-street, Mr. B. Martoo has on view a big array of flower pots in a variety of sizes, such as would meet any requirement. In the crockery department householders will find all manner of cups, saucers, plates and kitchen utensils, and in another section smart footwear and ladies’ and children’s clothing can be bought. Mr. Martoo has shops in Rosewood, Marburg, and Gympie. (12)

© Jane Schy, 2024

References:
(1) The Daily Mail, Sunday, 17 December 1922, page 14
(2) Queensland Times, Saturday, 16 December 1922,  page 8
(3) Queensland Times, Wednesday, 20 December 1922, page 9
(4) Brisbane Courier, Friday, 21 December 1922, page 7
(5) Queensland Times, Thursday, 21 December 1922, page 2
(6) Queensland Times, Saturday, 30 December 1922, page 12
(7) Brisbane Courier, Friday, 29 December 1922, page 9
(8) Queensland Times, Saturday, 30 December, 1922, page 13
(9) Queensland Times, Friday, 21 December 1923, page 5
(10) Queensland Times, Saturday, 9 February 1924, page 13
(11) Queensland Times, Friday, 19 December 1924, page 9
(12) Queensland Times, Saturday, 13 December 1924, page 12